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Preparation and characterization of modified polysaccharide hydrogels for medical applications
Poštulková, Hana ; Částková, Klára (referee) ; Lehocký,, Marián (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Tato dizertační práce se zaměřuje na komplexní charakterizaci přirozeně nerozpustného polysacharidu Gum Karaya (GK), aby tak přispěla k poznaní tohoto dosud málo prostudovaného biomateriálu. Kromě převádění GK do rozpustného stavu, které bylo studováno při různých podmínkách, tato práce představuje nový hydrogel založený na unikátní kombinaci materiálů polysacharidu Gum Karaya a proteinu Silk Fibroin. Tento přístup umožňuje využití specifických vlastností každého jednotlivého materiálu v daném hydrogelovém systému a také studium jejich vzájemných interakcí. Při přípravě hydrogelu nebyla použita chemická síťující činidla, příprava byla založena pouze na fyzikálním síťovaní systému. Hydrogely byly podrobeny analýze pro zjištění chemicko-fyzikálních a biologických vlastností. Studie kožních buněk keratinocytů v kontaktu s připravenými hydrogely naznačuje dobré biokompatibilní vlastnosti hydrogelů a nízkou adhezi mezi buňkami a připraveným materiálem. Dále bylo zjištěno, že GK a její směs s dalším biopolymerem vykazují bakteriostatické vlastnosti proti vybraným gram-pozitivním mikroorganismům, ale baktericidní vlastnosti nebyly pozorovány. Výsledky a pozorování získané během této práce vedou k závěru, že polysacharid Gum Karaya a z něho připravené hydrogely mají potenciál pro použití v aplikacích regenerativní medicíny, například jako hydrogely pro léčbu popálenin.
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Treatment of a patient with thermal injury in pre-hospital urgent care
BAYEROVÁ, Karolína
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Treatment of a patient with thermal injury in prehospital emergency care. The theoretical part informs about the basics of anatomy and physiology, division of thermal injuries, classification and evaluation of extend of burns. Other chapters are dedicated to proper treatment and direction without unnecessary prolongation, leading to an increase in chance of survival of these patients.For the empirical part of the bachelor thesis, three goals were set. First goal was to map out the knowledge of paramedics considering the issue of thermal injuries. Second goal was to map out the approach of paramedics in case of a thermal injury in an adult patient. Last goal was to map out the approach of paramedics in case of a thermal injury in a paediatric patient. The research part was carried out via qualitative method, using semi-structured interviews. The interviews consisted of fifteen questions, which were prepared in advance, and were conducted with the paramedics of the Emergency medical services of the South Bohemia region. There were also ten randomly selected paramedics involved in the research from the regional centres of the South Bohemia region, four paramedics from České Budějovice and six from Jindřichův Hradec, to be exact.The research study has shown, that paramedics are completely oriented in the given topic and have enough knowledge to provide prehospital emergency care in case of thermal injuries. We are convinced, that all the goals were fulfilled.The conclusion contains evaluation of the goals, summary of the research study and recommendations for both the paramedics and the lay public.
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Care for a patient with burns in pre-hospital emergency care
VÁCLAVOVSKÝ, Zdeněk
The bachelor thesis on the topic of Care for a patient with burns in pre-hospital emergency care is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy of the skin, its function and subsequently focused on the burns themselves, their classification, the procedure for providing both lay and urgent care. There is also the inhalation trauma, its division and therapy. Three goals were set for the bachelor thesis. The first objective was to map the knowledge of paramedics regarding the care of burn patients. The second objective was to find out the material and technical equipment suitable for the treatment of a patient with burns in the EMS vehicle. The third objective was to identify current trends in the care of a patient with burns. To achieve the results, a method of qualitative research using the technique of a semi-structured interview containing 10 open questions was used. The interview was recorded through handwritten notes. These interviews were conducted with 14 paramedics of the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region. From each regional centre - Strakonice, Tábor, Český Krumlov, Jindřichův Hradec, Písek, Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice - 2 paramedics were selected. The results of the work say that the interviewed paramedics have enough knowledge in the issue of burns in pre-hospital emergency care, in which they are well oriented. At the end of the bachelor thesis, in addition to summarizing the results of the research and evaluating the fulfillment of goals, my recommendations for the current practise of paramedics are also mentioned.
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Specifics of crisis situations with a large number of patients with thermal injury.
MADĚRÁNKOVÁ, Adéla
This thesis deals with an emergency incident in which a burn trauma occurred in a large number of people. The theoretical part of the thesis describes both the legal framework of emergencies and especially the recommended procedures of the components of the Integrated Rescue System for dealing with this type of emergency. A large part of the theoretical part of the thesis and the whole practical part is focused on the procedure of the emergency medical service. The document shows how burns are treated from the point of view of emergency medicine, but also from the point of view of disaster medicine. The practical part of the work responds to the Concept of dealing with an emergency with a large number of patients with thermal injuries in the Czech Republic, published by the Ministry of Health in 2020. I focused on how paramedics know it. Does their knowledge affect the length of practice or the level of their acquaintance with the Concept? I found out using questionnaires filled out by 42 rescuers from different regions.
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Case study of a patient with the diagnosis of burns II.-III. grade to 40% of body
Šrámková, Šárka ; Vrbová, Martina (advisor) ; Křížek, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Case study of a patient with the diagnosis of burns II.-III. grade to 40% of body Objectives: The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to work out a detailed case study of rehabilitation care of a patient with burns and literature search of this topic. Another goal is to acquire comprehensive teoretic and practical knowledge about this diagnosis. Methods: I used assay and physiotherapeutic approaches which I learned during the bachelor studies at FTVS UK. The general part informs about anatomy and physiology of the skin, about diagnostics of degree and extent of burns, methods of treatment, physical and psychological rehabilitation. Special part includes methodology of the work, anamnesis, opening kinesiologic analysis, individual therapies, outcoming kinesiologic analysis, the effect of the therapy and end. Results: I worked out a detailed case study of a patient with this diagnosis and a literature search has been worked out. The main contribution of the work was the possibility to gain new experiences and knowledge to this diagnosis.
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Pain of Thermally Traumatized
Baron Aloisdóttir, Lara Dina ; Kozák, Šimon (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
The presented work deals with the issue of non-pharmacological pain relief in patients with thermal trauma. Burn pain is considered to be one of the worst, unlike common surgical pain due to numerous surgical procedures and often large dressing changes. The basis of pain treatment is pharmacotherapy, but an important part are also non-pharmacological methods that can be applied by nurses. The main goal of the study was to find out which available and easy-to-use non- pharmacological methods of pain relief are the most effective according to burn patients. The partial goals were evaluating the impact of fear and anxiety on pain and the question of whether patients' pain is adequately managed. The author's questionnaire, which was partly based on a survey conducted among the patients themselves, was used for the research. A total of 98.3% of respondents gave a positive evaluation of the adequacy of analgesia. Apart from analgesics, the following methods were then identified as the most effective: undisturbed sleep, relief position, rest, close people visits and interviews with the caring staff. The research confirmed that apart from quality sleep human contact is the most important for pain relief. In addition to relieving pain, it also affects the mental state of patients and helps reduce the...
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The specific nursing care of children with burns
CANDROVÁ, Alena
Current status: The children belong to a high-risk group for burns, while the most affected are children between the age of two and the age of six. The thesis is focused on the classification and treatment for burns and especially on the nursing care. The research is focused on the nursing care, nursing problems and interventions used in treatment of pediatric patients with burns. The objective of the thesis is to describe the nursing care of children with burns. Another objective is to identify the most common diagnosis and interventions in treatment of children with burns. Methodology: The research method chosen is the qualitative research strategy, technique of in-depth unstructured interview and technique of observation. The research sample for the interviews was made up of nine nurses and for the observation it was made up of three nurses, who work at the department specialized in treating pediatric patients with burns. The results: With the gathered answers of research questions it was found out that the problematics of children with burns is a very vast topic and in terms of care very difficult for every involved party. The nursing care of a child with burns is multidisciplinary, complex and also highly individualized. During the planning of the nursing care of this very specific group of patients the nurses mostly focus on the communication with the pediatric patient and his parents, pain relief and redressing of the burned areas. The questioned nurses proved that they have good understanding and skills in the nursing care of pediatric patients with burns. On the basis of the results of research a standard nursing practice named Assistance of the Nurses during the Redressing of a Child with the Burn Trauma.
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Medical treatment of a gravely wounded person in a difficult conditions
ŠKVRNA, Karel
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Medical treatment of a gravely wounded person in difficult conditions. Theoretical part is focused on recommended procedure - Guidelines TECC (Tactical Emergency Casualty Care) which was originally military guidelines, but it's edited to civilian environment. The main focus of the thesis is to describe the procedure of prehospital emergency care, edited guidelines used in practice and its material conditions. Another goal of this thesis is to create methodological instructions, which can be used in practice. Quality research was conducted for a practical part of the thesis. Controlled semi-structured interview composed of three questions was done. Twelve interviews were done. Paramedics from South Bohemian region and Pilsen region were the respondents. It was found out new recommended procedures and aids based on Guidelines 2015 from military environment are used. However in practice those procedures and aids are not used. Methodological instructions for burns were conducted.
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Support for children with burns
PĚTÍKOVÁ, Ludmila
Support for children with burn Theoretical Base: Burns belong among the most serious injuries. They occur almost immediately and mostly endanger children. After the onset of burns, life changes completely. A physical disability is not the only concern, because burns predominantly affect the psychosocial area of a person; a change in an appearance is irreversible, and society begins to take the child in a different way, in some cases, to ridicule and bullying. Goals: The bachelor thesis has three research objectives. Goal 1: To identify issues of a child from 10-16 years of age with burns. Goal 2: To identify the nurse's share in supporting children with burns. Goal 3: Explain the importance of the organization Bolíto. Three questions were formed to achieve the research objectives. Research Question 1: Which problems do the burnt children face? Research Question 2: How does a nurse participate in supporting children with burns? Research Question No. 3: What is the meaning of the organization Bolíto for the burnt children? Used methods: The data for the empirical part of the bachelor thesis were collected by conducting a qualitative research. A semi-structured interview was selected for collecting the data. Results: In the context of data analysis, research questions were answered. The research shows that the nurses re sufficiently familiar with the problem areas of children. Patients are provided with adequate care associated with all types of support required in this area. Children viewed the nurses positively and still receive the support provided. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the children perceive the activities of the Bolito as a great contribution to their lives. They said they themselves helped to reduce fear, increase self-confidence, and gain new friends. And above all, reconciliation with oneself
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Nutrition in thermic injury
Zemanová, Markéta ; Zajíček, Robert (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Výživa u termických úrazů [Nutrition in Thermic Injury]. Bc. ZEMANOVÁ, Markéta, DiS. Praha, 2017. Počet stránek 84, 2. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, 1.lékařská fakulta Obor: Nutriční specialista Vedoucí práce MUDr. Robert Zajíček, Ph.d Abstract Aim of the thesis is summarizing current knowledge about clinical nutrition of patients with severe thermal injuries. Special emphasis is given to specifics of pediatric patients, who in many aspects react differently. The introduction focuses on history of burn medicine including nutrition, classification of burn injuries, prehospital care and role of individual members of the therapeutical multidisciplinary team logically centring on role of the dietitian. Extreme hypermetabolism, persisting a year or longer after the insult, influences nutritional recommendations including energy, macronutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (minerals, vitamins and trace elements). Mode of administration is influenced as well. Specific facts are shown how these characteristics are reflected in daily dietetic therapy at the Clinic of Burn Medicine of the Prague Vinohrady Faculty Hospital (FNKV). In the investigative part we compare two groups of adult patients with extensive burn injuries. Inclusion criteria were age of 18-65 years, extent of...
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